Chapter 22 - Jake 3 minute REVIEW notes

This isn't meant to replace the textbook. Only for quick review purpose.

Notes – Battle for National Reform

Guiding questions

How did the nature of the executive power change with Roosevelt’s Presidency?

Why did the presidents at this time attack the trusts so much?

Why did the United States turn militaristic against the foreign nations at this time?

Notes

I. Theodore Roosevelt and the Modern Presidency
1. The Accidental President
a. McKinley dies in 1901 à Roosevelt becomes the president after him.
b. A rancher in the Dakota badlands à commander of the Rough Riders (hence the stereotype)

2. Government, Capital, and Labor
a. Viewed the federal power as the mediator of the public good à mediator for labor.
b. Not completely against the trusts, but dissolved Northern Securities Company of J.P Morgan.

3. “The Square Deal”
a. At first, concerned with re-election à wins the election of 1904 for second term
b. Square Deal for everyone à Hepburn Act: Control of the Railroads. Pure Food and Drug Act

4. Roosevelt and Conservation and Preservation
a. Concerned with the environment and natural resources à national parks ↑
b. New Lands Act: Federal aid to fund dams, reservations, and canals in the west.
c. Naturalist ideals + Pragmatic Conservationist (conservation to further make use of resources)
d. Hetch Hetchy Controversy – Roosevelt ↑ the dam building in San Francisco: practicality↑↑

5. The Panic of -1907
a. Overproduction from industry à Speculation↑ à Crash à Conservatives blame Roosevelt à J.P Morgan lends gold for letting US Steel absorb Tennessee Coal and Iron Company

II. The Troubled Succession
1. Taft and the Progressives: failed attempts at lowering tariffs
a. William Howard Taft à Payne-Aldrich Tariff: no effect in lowering tariffs at all
b. Moderate with reformation: Ballinger-Pinchot Dispute over forest/mineral reserves
à Alienated Roosevelt supporters by kicking Pinchot out

2. The Return of Roosevelt
a. Roosevelt returns to politics à New Nationalism: powerful federal government
b. Taft kills Tennessee Coal and Iron Company/US Steel of Morgan for antitrust.
c. Republican party nominates Taft à Roosevelt forms the Progressive Party.

III. Woodrow Wilson and the New Freedom
1. Woodrow Wilson
a. New Freedom: anti-monopoly↑. Wilson wins the election of 1912 against Taft and Roosevelt
b. Executive powers↑, Tariff↓ Federal Reserve Act: 12 regional Federal Reserve Banks + Federal Reserve Notes used with Government backing the currency
c. Monopoly à Regulatory Commission to bust the trusts à Legal attacks on monopoly↑

2. Retreat and Advance
a. Women’s suffrage ↓ by Wilson at first, segregation ↑↑ in south.
b. Wilson loses some progressive support à then supports reforms and passes child labor laws

IV. The “Big Stick”: America and the World, 1901~1917
1. The Iron-fisted neighbor
a. Roosevelt distinguished the civilized nation as industrial powers
b. Roosevelt wins the Nobel Peace Prize for ending Russo-Japanese War: Open door↑↑↑
c. Roosevelt Corollary + Monroe Doctrine: US right to intervene to domestic issues in Latin Am.
d. Taft: Dollar Diplomacy – invest in Latin America à dominate their economy
e. Moral Diplomacy: Intervened in Mexican Revolution to kill Pancho Villaà attacked Veracruz