SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
Regiomontanus and Nicholas of Cusa: laid mathematical framework for Copernicus and others
Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543)
heliocentric view (instead of geocentric view)
Church officials force Copernicus to retract his views
Tycho Brahe (1546-1601) – mass of scientific data from observations used by Kepler & others
Johann Kepler (1571-1630) – 3 laws of planetary motion
Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) – telescope, proves Copernicus’s heliocentric theory
Medicine: Scientists began challenging Greco-Roman medical authority (esp. Galen-2nd c. AD)
Vesalius The Structure of the Human Body (1543): renewed and modernized study of anatomy
William Harvey (1578-1657): On the Movement of the Heart and Blood (1628)-- blood circulation
Francis Bacon (1561-1626)
empiricism: “renounce notions and form acquaintance with things”
inductive method: conclusion is reached after much observation
Rene Descartes (1596-1650)
deductive method: conclusion is reached by logic
“I think, therefore I am” (cognito ergo sum)
Cartesian dualism: divided all existence into the spiritual and the material
Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1747): Principia
universal gravitation
Royal Society founded in 1662 to promote scientific research; other academies founded in Europe
รจ Significance of scientific revolution: leads to
· Enlightenment
· Agricultural Revolution
· Improvement in exploration
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